It comes as a surprise for people to learn that many stars are visible through a telescope during the daytime, including Polaris. To roughly align a telescope, you need ephemeris for the brighter stars (of which the Sun is the brightest) an equatorial mount, a previously focused on a star telescope, your latitude and a compass. The last two items are optional, but make it a whole lot easier.

Using the compass and your latitude, roughly polar align the scope by setting it pointing north and having it tipped to your latitude in altitude. Then, with the scope and any finders either filtered or capped, point the scope at the sun. When the scope is pointed at the Sun (minimum shadow or in the telescope) set your setting circles to the R.A. of the Sun for that particular date and time. Close is good enough here. Make sure that the Declination of the Sun is close to correctly set or adjust your latitude axis and re-centre the Sun. Then shift your scope in Declination to the setting for a bright star such as Vega, Arcturus or Betelgeuse. Remove the filter or cap and then move the scope in R.A. to roughly the hour of the selected star. Sweep through the area until you find the star. Set your R.A. circle exactly and check the Declination. Note, if your scope is not exactly focused on a star, the star will be very hard to find. Once you find the star, sharpen your focus as it will be tougher to continue. If the star's Declination is roughly correct, then proceed. If not, carefully adjust the altitude of the scope in the correct direction to get the Declination close to being correct for that star.

Now that your R.A. circle is set, swing in both Declination and R.A. to the setting of 89:15 degrees, 2 hours 29 minutes. Polaris should be somewhere nearby. If it is not, adjust your scope in altitude and azimuth until it is. Go back to the bright star you selected and repeat the operation from that point on. With any luck, two times will be enough.

I know this works with our 13cm f8 refractor as I use this method to align our scope during daylight to maximize night time observing. Practice is what makes this work, do not expect to be able to do this on the day of the eclipse. Also, good quality skies are a must. Haze will block the hard to find daytime stars.

Make sure you know your stellar focal point with the eyepiece of your choice that gives about 50x or none of the above steps will be possible, with the exception of finding the Sun. If you have a solar filter, then you can focus on our Sun and it will be good for a bright star when the filter is removed. If not, then you can rack your focuser all the way out, put a felt tip mark on the knob and count exactly how many turns it takes to focus a star. Then mark on the tube to match the mark on the knob.